Treatment of retinal diseases by embryonic stem cells Neural derivatives of ESCs could be used in transplantation therapies for mitigating the effects of neurodegenerative disorders and diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Multiple Sclerosis as well as defect caused by spinal cord injuries. We have shown that ESC-derived neural progenitors differentiate into mixed cultures of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes was achieved under selected growth conditions. Furthermore, neural progenitors colonized and proliferated inside the scaffolds which could be used for implantation purposes. Figure 1. Light micrograph of neural progenitor colonies developing from surrounding neural cells after 7 weeks of culture. 200X Figure 2. LM of neural filaments.200X Figure 3. Scanning electron micrograph of neural cells growing on the scaffold after incubation for 1 month Figure 4. Scanning electron micrograph of extensive network of neural cells growing on scaffold after incubated for 1 month